Palatal enanthem can also occur, but is relatively uncommon. In about 50% of cases, small reddish-purple spots called petechiae can be seen on the roof of the mouth. The most prominent sign of the disease is often the pharyngitis, which is frequently accompanied by enlarged tonsils with pus-an exudate similar to that seen in cases of strep throat. Most people are able to resume their usual activities within 2–3 months. Mild fever, swollen neck glands and body aches may also persist beyond 4 weeks. Fatigue lasts more than one month in an estimated 28% of cases. However, fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell ( malaise) may sometimes last for months. Symptoms most often disappear after about 2–4 weeks. Headaches are common, and abdominal pains with nausea or vomiting sometimes also occur. Swollen glands – mobile usually located around the back of the neck (posterior cervical lymph nodes) and sometimes throughout the body.Sore throat – usually severe for 3–5 days, before resolving in the next 7–10 days.Fever – usually lasting 14 days often mild.In adolescence and young adulthood, the disease presents with a characteristic triad: When found, symptoms tend to be similar to those of common throat infections (mild pharyngitis, with or without tonsillitis). The signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis vary with age.īefore puberty, the disease typically only produces flu-like symptoms, if any at all. Maculopapular rash from amoxicillin use during EBV infection Mononucleosis was first described in the 1920s and is colloquially known as "the kissing disease". The disease occurs equally at all times of the year. Nearly 95% of people have had an EBV infection by the time they are adults. About 45 out of 100,000 people develop infectious mono each year in the United States. In those between 16 and 20 it is the cause of about 8% of sore throats. In the developing world, people are more often infected in early childhood when there are fewer symptoms. Mononucleosis most commonly affects those between the ages of 15 to 24 years in the developed world. Symptoms may be reduced by drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, and taking pain medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen. Mono generally improves without any specific treatment. Infection can be prevented by not sharing personal items or saliva with an infected person. There is no vaccine for EBV, though promising vaccine research results exist. The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy. Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are atypical. Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies. Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop. Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes or through a cough or sneeze. It is primarily spread through saliva but can rarely be spread through semen or blood. While usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the herpesvirus family, a few other viruses may also cause the disease. The liver or spleen may also become swollen, and in less than one percent of cases splenic rupture may occur. Most people recover in two to four weeks however, feeling tired may last for months. In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and fatigue. Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. Infectious mononucleosis ( IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Swollen lymph nodes in the neck of a person with infectious mononucleosisįever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, fatigue Įpstein–Barr virus (EBV) usually spread via saliva ĭrinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, pain medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen Glandular fever, Pfeiffer's disease, Filatov's disease, kissing disease Medical condition Infectious mononucleosis
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